The endocrine system is a complex collection of hormone-producing glands that control basic body functions such as growth,sexual development and characteristics. The amount of hormones produced by each gland is carefully balanced because too much or too little of a hormone can have effects throughout the body and cause various endocrine disorders. Many of the hormones produced by the endocrine glands interact with each other so as to maintain balance.
Constituents of the Endocrine System
1. Pituitary Gland - This gland secretes hormones to stimulate the adrenals,thyroid and gonads(testes and ovaries). It also secretes growth hormone,anti-diuretic hormone,prolactin(affects milk production after childbirth) and oxytocin(plays a major role in childbirth).
2. Hypothalamus - This secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of hormones in the pituitary gland.
3. Pancreas - Secretes insulin and glucagon which affect the absorption of glucose.
4. Adrenal Cortex - Secretes hydrocortisone which affects metabolism. It also secretes androgen and aldosterone which affect blood pressure and saline balance.
5. Thyroid Gland - This secretes thyroxin,calcitonin and triiodothyronine which affect metabolism,bone growth and body heat.
6. Parathyroid Gland - The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland affects calcium levels in the blood.
7. Gonads - These are the male and female reproductive glands otherwise called the testes and ovaries. The testes secretes testosterone which affects sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics in men. The ovaries, on the other hand, secrete oestrogen and progesterone which menstrual cycle,pregnancy and a host of other characteristics in females.
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